[0:00] Welcome to lesson 8.1. Accident,
[0:02] incident, and near misreporting.
[0:05] Accident, incident, and near
[0:07] misreporting is an important part of
[0:09] workplace health and safety. An accident
[0:12] is an event that causes injury, illness,
[0:14] damage, or harm. For example, a worker
[0:18] slips on a wet floor and injures their
[0:20] wrist. An incident is an unwanted event
[0:22] that may or may not cause harm, but
[0:24] still shows that something went wrong.
[0:27] For example, a shelf collapses,
[0:29] equipment fails, or a chemical spills. A
[0:33] near miss is when something could have
[0:34] caused harm but luckily did not. For
[0:37] example, a worker trips over a cable but
[0:40] does not fall, or a box falls from a
[0:42] shelf but misses everyone. All of these
[0:44] should be taken seriously because they
[0:46] can show where workplace controls are
[0:48] weak. Reporting helps the business
[0:51] understand what happened, fix hazards,
[0:53] improve procedures, and prevent the same
[0:55] problem happening again.
[0:57] For example, if several people nearly
[0:59] trip on the same uneven floor tile,
[1:01] reporting the near misses gives the
[1:03] business a chance to repair it before
[1:04] someone is injured. At level two, you
[1:07] should know how to report accidents,
[1:09] incidents, and near misses in your
[1:11] workplace.
[1:12] This may involve telling a supervisor,
[1:15] completing an accident form, recording
[1:17] it in an accident book, or using a
[1:19] reporting system. The key message is
[1:22] accidents, incidents, and near misses
[1:24] should be reported, not ignored.
[1:26] Reporting helps prevent future harm.
[1:30] Welcome to lesson 8.2. Why near misses
[1:32] matter. Near misses matter because they
[1:35] are warning signs. A near miss is an
[1:38] event that could have caused injury,
[1:40] illness, or damage, but did not on that
[1:42] occasion. Some people ignore near misses
[1:45] because nobody was hurt. This is a
[1:48] mistake. A near miss often shows that
[1:50] the hazard is real and that next time
[1:52] the outcome could be worse.
[1:54] For example, if a worker slips on a wet
[1:57] floor but catches themselves before
[1:58] falling, that is still important. The
[2:01] next person may not be so lucky. If a
[2:04] heavy box falls from a shelf and lands
[2:06] beside someone, it may not cause injury
[2:08] that time, but it shows there may be a
[2:10] problem with storage, stacking, or shelf
[2:13] safety. Near misses help employers and
[2:15] managers identify hazards before an
[2:17] accident happens. They can lead to
[2:20] better training, repairs, cleaning,
[2:22] housekeeping, signage, supervision, or
[2:25] changes in the way work is done.
[2:27] Reporting near misses also helps build a
[2:30] positive safety culture. It shows that
[2:32] staff are paying attention and speaking
[2:34] up early. At level two, do not think
[2:38] nothing happened, so it does not matter.
[2:41] If something nearly caused harm, report
[2:43] it. The key message is near misses are
[2:46] opportunities to prevent accidents.
[2:49] They should be reported and investigated
[2:51] before someone gets hurt. Welcome to
[2:54] lesson 8.3. Basic accident investigation
[2:57] awareness.
[2:58] Accident investigation is the process of
[3:00] finding out what happened, why it
[3:02] happened, and how similar accidents can
[3:04] be prevented in the future. At level
[3:06] two, you may not be responsible for
[3:08] leading an investigation, but you should
[3:10] understand why investigations matter and
[3:12] how you may be involved. After an
[3:15] accident, the first priority is always
[3:17] to make the area safe and get help for
[3:19] anyone who is injured. Once the
[3:22] immediate situation is controlled, the
[3:24] workplace may need to gather
[3:25] information.
[3:27] This could include what happened, where
[3:29] it happened, who was involved, what
[3:31] equipment was being used, what
[3:32] conditions were present, and whether any
[3:34] procedures were followed. For example,
[3:37] if someone falls on a wet floor, the
[3:39] investigation may look at why the floor
[3:41] was wet, whether warning signs were
[3:43] used, whether cleaning procedures were
[3:45] followed, whether lighting was suitable,
[3:46] and whether staff had reported the
[3:48] hazard before. A good investigation does
[3:51] not simply blame the injured person. It
[3:54] looks for the root causes. These may
[3:56] include poor training, poor supervision,
[3:59] damaged equipment, unclear procedures,
[4:01] rushing, poor housekeeping, or missing
[4:04] controls.
[4:05] Workers may be asked to explain what
[4:07] they saw. If this happens, give honest
[4:10] facts. Do not guess, exaggerate, or hide
[4:14] information.
[4:15] The key message is accident
[4:17] investigation helps the workplace learn
[4:19] from what happened. The aim is to
[4:21] prevent future harm, not just find
[4:23] someone to blame. Welcome to lesson 8.4.
[4:27] Ritter awareness. Ritter stands for the
[4:30] reporting of injuries, diseases, and
[4:32] dangerous occurrences regulations.
[4:35] Ridda is a law that requires certain
[4:37] serious workplace accidents,
[4:39] occupational diseases, and dangerous
[4:41] occurrences to be reported to the
[4:42] relevant enforcing authority. At level
[4:45] two, you are not expected to decide
[4:47] every legal reporting requirement
[4:49] yourself, but you should understand that
[4:51] some incidents are serious enough that
[4:52] they may need formal reporting. Examples
[4:56] may include work-related deaths, certain
[4:58] serious injuries, diagnosed occupational
[5:01] diseases, and certain dangerous
[5:02] occurrences that had the potential to
[5:04] cause harm. A dangerous occurrence is a
[5:07] serious incident that may not have
[5:08] caused injury but had the potential to
[5:10] do so. For example, certain equipment
[5:13] failures, collapses, explosions, or
[5:16] serious safety failures may be
[5:17] reportable depending on the situation.
[5:20] Ritter reports are normally made by the
[5:22] responsible person. This may be the
[5:25] employer, certain self-employed people,
[5:27] or the person in control of the work
[5:29] premises.
[5:31] As a worker, your role is to report
[5:33] accidents, incidents, near misses,
[5:35] symptoms, and unsafe conditions
[5:37] internally according to workplace
[5:38] procedure. Your manager or employer can
[5:41] then decide whether further reporting is
[5:43] required. For example, if someone
[5:46] suffers a serious injury at work, staff
[5:48] should get help, make the area safe,
[5:51] report the accident, and preserve key
[5:52] information.
[5:54] The key message is Ridda is about formal
[5:56] reporting of certain serious work
[5:58] rellated events. Workers should report
[6:01] incidents internally so the responsible
[6:03] person can take the correct action.
[6:06] Welcome to lesson 8.5. Common health and
[6:08] safety mistakes to avoid. Many workplace
[6:12] accidents happen because simple health
[6:13] and safety rules are ignored or rushed.
[6:16] One common mistake is walking past
[6:18] hazards without reporting them. A wet
[6:21] floor, damaged cable, blocked fire exit,
[6:24] or broken step may seem minor, but it
[6:26] can cause serious harm if left
[6:27] unresolved.
[6:29] Another mistake is taking shortcuts.
[6:32] This may include using equipment without
[6:34] training, lifting loads that are too
[6:36] heavy, standing on chairs instead of
[6:38] proper access equipment, not wearing
[6:40] PPE, or removing guards from machinery.
[6:43] Poor housekeeping is also a common
[6:45] problem.
[6:47] Cluttered walkways, trailing cables,
[6:49] overflowing bins, unstable stock, and
[6:51] blocked emergency routes all increase
[6:53] risk. Another mistake is ignoring early
[6:56] warning signs.
[6:58] Strange equipment noises, burning
[7:00] smells, leaking chemicals, repeated near
[7:03] misses, staff fatigue, or damaged PPE
[7:05] should all be taken seriously.
[7:08] Some workers also avoid reporting
[7:10] accidents or near misses because they
[7:12] think it will cause trouble. In reality,
[7:15] reporting helps prevent future harm. For
[7:18] example, if a trolley wheel keeps
[7:19] jamming, but nobody reports it, the
[7:21] trolley may later tip, causing injury or
[7:24] damage. At level two, your
[7:27] responsibility is to follow training,
[7:29] use equipment properly, keep areas tidy,
[7:31] wear PPE when required, and report
[7:33] anything unsafe.
[7:35] The key message is most health and
[7:37] safety mistakes are preventable. Do not
[7:40] ignore hazards, take shortcuts, or stay
[7:42] silent when something is unsafe.
[7:45] Welcome to lesson 8.6, final course
[7:48] recap. You have now covered the key
[7:50] areas of level two health and safety in
[7:53] the workplace. You have learned that
[7:55] workplace health and safety means
[7:57] protecting people from injury, illness,
[7:59] and harm at work. You have covered
[8:02] employer responsibilities, employee
[8:04] responsibilities, supervisor duties,
[8:06] safe systems of work, reporting hazards,
[8:08] and understanding safety signs and
[8:10] notices.
[8:12] You have learned about risk assessment,
[8:14] including identifying hazards, deciding
[8:16] who may be harmed, evaluating risks,
[8:18] using the hierarchy of control, and
[8:20] staying aware of changing risks during
[8:22] daily work. You have also covered common
[8:25] workplace hazards such as slips, trips,
[8:28] falls, poor housekeeping, working at
[8:31] height, workplace transport,
[8:33] electricity, equipment hazards, noise,
[8:35] lighting, ventilation, stress, fatigue,
[8:38] and workplace behaviour. You have learned
[8:41] about manual handling, safe lifting,
[8:43] pushing, pulling, team handling,
[8:46] ergonomics, and workstation safety. You
[8:49] have covered fire safety, emergency
[8:51] procedures, evacuation, first aid
[8:53] arrangements, and what to do during
[8:55] accidents or emergencies.
[8:57] You have also learned about COSH,
[9:00] hazardous substances, safety labels,
[9:02] PPE, safe chemical use, and safe work
[9:05] equipment.
[9:06] Finally, you have covered accident
[9:08] incident and near miss reporting, basic
[9:11] accident investigation, rider awareness,
[9:13] and common mistakes to avoid. The key
[9:16] message is health and safety is
[9:18] everyone's responsibility.
[9:20] Follow training, stay alert, report
[9:22] hazards, use equipment properly, and
[9:24] never ignore unsafe conditions.
[9:27] Welcome to lesson 8.7, exam preparation.
[9:31] You are now ready to prepare for the
[9:33] final assessment. The level two health
[9:36] and safety in the workplace exam is
[9:38] designed to check that you understand
[9:39] common workplace risks and how to work
[9:41] safely. Read each question carefully.
[9:45] Look for key words such as hazard risk
[9:48] control measure, PPE, COSH, manual
[9:51] handling, fire safety, accident
[9:54] reporting, near miss, emergency
[9:56] procedure, or safe system of work. If a
[9:59] question asks what you should do, choose
[10:01] the answer that best protects people
[10:03] from harm. In most cases, the safest
[10:06] answer will involve following training,
[10:08] using equipment correctly, reporting
[10:10] hazards, wearing PPE where required,
[10:13] keeping work areas tidy, using the
[10:15] correct procedure, or asking a
[10:17] supervisor if you are unsure. Be careful
[10:20] with answers that involve guessing,
[10:21] ignoring a hazard, taking shortcuts,
[10:24] using damaged equipment, blocking fire
[10:26] exits, not reporting accidents, or
[10:28] carrying on when something feels unsafe.
[10:32] For example, if you find a damaged
[10:34] electrical cable, the correct action is
[10:36] not to keep using it. The safe action is
[10:39] to stop using it if safe to do so and
[10:41] report it. If a floor is wet, the
[10:43] correct action is not to walk past it.
[10:46] The safe action is to clean it if
[10:48] trained and safe. Warn others, use signs
[10:50] where needed, and report it. The key
[10:53] message is choose the answer that
[10:55] prevents harm. Good health and safety
[10:57] means thinking before acting, following
[10:59] procedures, and speaking up when
[11:01] something is unsafe.
